CARBON REMOVAL WEEKLY SUMMARY (23 DECEMBER - 29 DECEMBER 2024)—WEEK#52
Links to recent scientific papers, web posts, upcoming events, job opportunities, podcasts, and event recordings, etc. on Carbon Dioxide Removal Technology.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Commercial News
2. Research Papers
3. Web Posts
4. Theses
5. Reports
6. Upcoming Events
7. Job Opportunities
8. Podcasts
9. YouTube Videos
10. Deadlines
Note: Click on the headings listed in the table of contents above to easily navigate to the sections you're interested in.
COMMERCIAL NEWS
Oslo has allocated $69,000 to research biochar’s potential for carbon storage in urban planting areas (Quantum Commodity Intelligence)
Isometric has become the first to receive a formal endorsement from the three most prominent verification bodies (ICVCM, CORSIA And ICROA) in the carbon market space (Carbon Herald)
CUR8 & Coca-Cola HBC have renewed their partnership for a 2nd year. CUR8 is helping Coca-Cola HBC invest in several CDR projects (LinkedIn)
Thailand has registered its first-ever biochar CDR project, developed by Wongphai, on the Switzerland-based Carbon Standards International registry (Quantum Commodity Intelligence)
German ERW firm to sell CDRs for €200-400/t from local projects (Quantum Commodity Intelligence)
Isometric partnered with Pachama on digital monitoring, reporting and verification for reforestation credits (Carbon Herald)
The Japanese technology company Hitachi partnered with the South Korean climate tech firm Thanks Carbon to develop CCUS and DACCUS technology in Korea (Quantum Commodity Intelligence)
Rayonier Inc. partnered with Reliant Carbon Capture for carbon storage on 104,000 acres of its Alabama land (Carbon Herald)
RESEARCH PAPERS
Water-alternating-gas injections for optimized mineral carbon storage in basalt
Nelson, C. J., Goldberg, D. S., & White, M. D. (2025). Water-alternating-gas injections for optimized mineral carbon storage in basalt. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 141, 104283.
Synopsis: Mineral carbon storage in basalt is a proven method for durable geologic carbon sequestration. This study explores water-alternating-gas (WAG) injections—cycled injections of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) and water—to optimize mineralization. Using the STOMP-CO2 simulator, WAG was tested in subsea and onshore basalt, achieving 100% mineralization of 1 Mt CO2 in 40 years with half the water use of aqueous-phase methods. Results show WAG improves mineralization efficiency, scalability, and per-well injection rates across diverse basalt sites.
How earthworms thrive and drive silicate rock weathering in an artificial organo-mineral system
Calogiuri, T., Janssens, I., Vidal, A., van Groenigen, J. W., Verdonck, T., Corbett, T., ... & Hagens, M. (2024). How earthworms thrive and drive silicate rock weathering in an artificial organo-mineral system. Applied Geochemistry, 106271.
Synopsis: Enhanced Silicate Weathering (ESW) shows promise as a Carbon Dioxide Removal technology, but biotic controls, like earthworm effects, are poorly understood. This study examined earthworm survival and weathering impacts in artificial organo-mineral systems simulating bioreactors. Result revealed that survival depended on factors like straw presence and coarse grain sizes. Living earthworms had neutral or negative weathering effects, while decomposing earthworms enhanced weathering indicators. Results highlight complexities in assessing earthworms' role in ESW for carbon sequestration.
Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage technology to achieve net zero emissions–A review
Sher, F., Hameed, S., Omerbegović, N. S., Wang, B., Hai, I. U., Rashid, T., ... & Yildiz, M. J. (2025). Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage technology to achieve net zero emissions–A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 210, 115229.
Synopsis: Bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration (BECCS) is a promising technology for achieving net-zero emissions by capturing up to 96.24% of CO2 during biomass oxy-fuel combustion. This review highlights advancements in fluidized bed oxy-fuel systems, including reduced NOx and SOx emissions, effective desulfurization, and ash-related control strategies. With CO2 capture costs of $40–$120 per ton and TRL 7 status, BECCS offers a cost-effective, sustainable alternative, especially with carbon taxes over $28.3 per ton.
Accounting for retarded weathering products in comparing methods for quantifying carbon dioxide removal in a short-term enhanced weathering study
te Pas, E. E., Chang, E., Marklein, A. R., Comans, R. N., & Hagens, M. Accounting for retarded weathering products in comparing methods for quantifying carbon dioxide removal in a short-term enhanced weathering study. Frontiers in Climate, 6, 1524998.
Synopsis: Enhanced Weathering (EW) uses crushed silicate minerals to sequester CO2, but quantifying its Carbon Dioxide Removal remains challenging. This study complements soil column experiments with total fusion ICP-OES analyses, revealing that 92.7–98.3% of weathering products were retained in soils over 64 days, forming carbonates or adsorbing to surfaces. Accurate CDR quantification requires accounting for this "retarded fraction," highlighting the need for standardized methods to measure long-term CDR potential.
Economic Ripple Effects of Large-Scale Basalt Enhanced Weathering in the Philippines
Aviso, K. B., Migo-Sumagang, M. V., Ramos, C. A., & Tan, R. R. (2024). Economic Ripple Effects of Large-Scale Basalt Enhanced Weathering in the Philippines. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 114, 547-552.
Synopsis: Enhanced weathering accelerates natural reactions between alkaline rocks, CO2, and water to sequester carbon as bicarbonate ions, with potential co-benefits like improving acidic soils. This study estimates the economic impacts of large-scale basalt-enhanced weathering in the Philippines using input-output analysis. Offsetting 20% of national CO2 emissions would require significant increases in quarrying, transportation, and power generation, along with smaller ripple effects in other sectors, highlighting its resource demands.
A review of influencing factors for policy interventions in the deployment of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
Xing, X., Xiong, Y., Wang, R., Gao, Y., Xu, S., Ciais, P., ... & Zhang, R. (2024). A review of influencing factors for policy interventions in the deployment of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage. Next Sustainability, 4, 100040.
Synopsis: Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) is crucial for meeting the Paris Agreement’s 1.5–2℃ targets, but its feasibility and costs remain uncertain. Current models underestimate ecological impacts, biomass availability, and transportation challenges. This review highlights the need for spatially explicit methods, optimized biomass networks, and comprehensive life-cycle assessments. Policy interventions, including economic and regulatory tools, are essential to scale BECCS deployment while balancing environmental, social, and economic sustainability.
Elucidating the impact of mulching film on organic carbon mineralization from the perspective of aggregate level
Yan, Q., Li, Y., Wang, T., Chen, Y., Zhao, J., Jiang, J., ... & Jia, H. (2025). Elucidating the impact of mulching film on organic carbon mineralization from the perspective of aggregate level. Science of The Total Environment, 959, 178198.
Synopsis: Plastic film mulching enhances soil fertility and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration by influencing soil aggregate dynamics. A three-year field experiment showed that mulching improved soil aggregate stability, increased SOC and HFOC by 8–14% and 12–24%, respectively, and decreased LFOC by 3–51%. Mulching impacts SOC mineralization differently across aggregate sizes, with larger aggregates driven by carbon composition and smaller aggregates by microbial diversity. These results highlight mulching's role in enhancing SOC sequestration and turnover.
Living Porous Ceramics for Bacteria-Regulated Gas Sensing and Carbon Capture
Dutto, A., Kan, A., Saraw, Z., Maillard, A., Zindel, D., & Studart, A. R. (2024). Living Porous Ceramics for Bacteria‐Regulated Gas Sensing and Carbon Capture. Advanced Materials, 2412555.
Synopsis: Porous ceramics colonized by bacteria create engineered living materials with self-regulated, programmable carbon capture and gas-sensing functions. Wild-type photosynthetic cyanobacteria enable CO2 capture, while genetically engineered E. coli provide gas-sensing capabilities. The hierarchical porous clay scaffold supports bacterial growth, water uptake, and mechanical properties. Using advanced chemical analysis, the living ceramics were shown to capture CO2 from the air and convert toxic gases into benign scents detectable by humans.
The Role of Nonequilibrium Solvent Effects in Enhancing Direct CO2 Capture at the Air–Aqueous Amino Acid Interface
Kumar, N., Bryantsev, V. S., & Roy, S. (2024). The Role of Nonequilibrium Solvent Effects in Enhancing Direct CO2 Capture at the Air–Aqueous Amino Acid Interface. Journal of the American Chemical Society.
Synopsis: Direct air capture technologies are limited by the role of interfaces in CO2 chemisorption. This study explores the influence of water and solvent effects at interfaces on DAC kinetics using ion-pairing interactions between glycine and surfactants. Simulations reveal that water reorganizes to facilitate CO2 conversion via dehydration, enhancing reaction rates at the interface. This insight into solvent effects and ion pairing can guide the design of tailored interfaces to accelerate CO2 capture, improving DAC efficiency.
Risking Delay: The storylines of (Bioenergy with) Carbon Capture and Storage in Swedish Parliamentary Discourse
Almqvist-Ingersoll, A. Risking Delay: The storylines of (Bioenergy with) Carbon Capture and Storage in Swedish Parliamentary Discourse. Frontiers in Climate, 6, 1514753.
Synopsis: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Bioenergy with CCS (BECCS) are key to Sweden's goal of net negative emissions by 2045 but remain controversial. Using Hajer’s Argumentative Discourse Analysis, Swedish policy debates reveal CCS and BECCS are framed within a neoliberal discourse emphasizing industrial competitiveness and a simplified green transition. Critics challenge claims of affordability and rapid deployment, urging detailed planning to align ambitions with feasibility and avoid delays in broader climate action.
A reaction network approach to modeling carbon dioxide removal systems
Fortun, N., Gaspar, P., Jose, E., Lao, A., Mendoza, E., & Razon, L. (2024). A reaction network approach to modeling carbon dioxide removal systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.17568.
Synopsis: This paper introduces the Reaction Network Carbon Dioxide Removal (RNCDR) framework to analyze negative emissions technologies (NETs) using chemical reaction network theory (CRNT). The framework, incorporating fossil fuel emissions, carbon capture, and storage networks, was applied to Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and Afforestation/Reforestation. Both NETs exhibit similar network properties, with potential for multistationarity and absolute concentration robustness in certain conditions, aiding temperature reduction efforts.
Soil carbon stewardship: Thinking in circles
Janzen, H. H. (2024). RUSSELL REVIEW Soil carbon stewardship: Thinking in circles. European Journal of Soil Science, 75(5), e13536.
Synopsis: The term "sequestration" in soil science traditionally refers to the removal and permanent storage of carbon (C) in soil. However, a new perspective suggests viewing soil organic carbon (SOC) as a dynamic entity, emphasizing "stewardship" over sequestration. Stewardship acknowledges the cyclical nature of SOC, highlighting the management of carbon flows and broader ecosystem functions. This shift in language may broaden the scope of research, focusing not just on climate mitigation but on all aspects of SOC and its role in resilience.
Carbon sinks associated with biological carbon pump in karst surface waters: Progress, challenges, and prospects
Shao, M., Liu, Z., Zeng, S., Sun, H., He, H., Adnan, M., ... & Fang, Y. (2024). Carbon sinks associated with biological carbon pump in karst surface waters: progress, challenges, and prospects. Environmental Research, 120712.
Synopsis: The biological carbon pump (BCP) in karst surface waters transforms dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) into organic carbon, offering potential as a carbon sink to mitigate climate change. However, high DIC, pH, and low dissolved CO2 limit BCP efficiency. CO2 fertilization can enhance autochthonous production, creating carbon sinks. This review highlights the stability of autochthonous organic carbon (AOC) as critical for long-term sinks, explores influencing mechanisms, and emphasizes karst ecosystems' role in the global carbon cycle.
Global CO2 uptake by cement materials accounts 1930–2023
Wu, S., Shao, Z., Andrew, R. M., Bing, L., Wang, J., Niu, L., ... & Xi, F. (2024). Global CO2 uptake by cement materials accounts 1930–2023. Scientific Data, 11(1), 1409.
Synopsis: This study models CO2 uptake through hydrated cement carbonation, including concrete, mortar, construction waste, and cement kiln dust, from 1930 to 2023. In 2023, global cement CO2 uptake reached 0.93 Gt/yr, with cumulative absorption since 1930 totaling 23.89 Gt, offsetting 52.32% of CO2 emissions from cement production. The model provides updated, accurate data on cement emissions and uptake, supporting future adaptations in the cement industry and carbon cycle studies.
WEB POSTS
Scaling Up Biochar for Climate and Community Impact (Medium)
Direct CO2 capture from the atmosphere will scale up massively in 2025 (New Scientist)
Opinion: Is Carbon Removal Demand Faltering? (Carbon Herald)
How climate philanthropy became major driver behind carbon removal boom (Carbon Herald)
With Help From FedEx, Yale Researchers Are Studying ERW As A Climate Solution (Carbon Herald)
Verra concrete methodology to split removals, reductions labels (Quantum Commodity Intelligence)
Construction materials and household items form long-term carbon sink (Space Daily)
Or we could store all the extra CO₂ at the bottom of the ocean (One Percent Brighter)
Thailand exempts land tax to boost blue carbon in mangrove forests (Reccessary)
Not all forms of carbon removal are created equal (Big Think)
Whales Removed an Abundance of Carbon From Earth. Then Humans Killed 3 Million of Them (Newsweek)
Tiny Poops in the Ocean Could Help Fight Climate Change (SciTech Daily)
Scientists are tricking oceans into absorbing more CO2 for us (Caliber)
Stanford Researchers Uncover Genetic Secret in Cyanobacteria That Could Transform Carbon Storage (SciTech Daily)
New material could capture millions of tonnes of atmospheric carbon (Teesside University)
Carbon-removal firm Graphyte ramps up with millions from 'top climate investors' (The Business Journal)
Startups Begin Geoengineering the Sea (IEEE Spectrum)
Why troubled carbon offset market is taking cover (Financial Times)
THESES
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Natural Soil and Biomass Systems
Analyzing the European Union’s Perception of The Expected Implementation of Carbon Farming within The Carbon Removal Certification Framework Using Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping
REPORTS
Carbon Dioxide Removal: Balancing Urgency with Scientific Unknowns (MIT Alumni for Climate Action)
Engineer the Ocean to Absorb More Carbon: the Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions (ONCE) Program (Oxford University Press)
Removing Methane via Soil Amendments: The Legal Framework
Global Ocean Carbon Removal Market (MMR)
UPCOMING EVENTS
How to buy carbon removal like Google by Patch | 14 January 2025 | Online
Symposium on the science-industry interface of marine Carbon Dioxide Removal by Utrecht University | 21 January 2025 | UtrechtStrategic Carbon Credit Use: Driving Corporate Net Zero Success by Klimate | 21 January 2025 | Online
Net Zero from a Planetary Perspective by Oxford Net Zero, the ZERO Institute and OxEARTH | 22 January 2025 | Online
Implementing separate climate targets: A transatlantic exchange by Carbon Market Watch | 22 January 2025 | Online
Enhanced rock weathering in agricultural landscapes as a natural climate solution by YSE Forum | 24 January 2025 | Online
Public funding for permanent carbon removal in the EU by Climate Action of the European Commission | 28 January 2025 | Online
Tracking progress on carbon removal across Europe by Carbon Gap | 18 February 2025 | Brussels
Removing CO2 from the Air: the Net in Net Zero by Oxford Net Zero, the ZERO Institute and OxEARTH | 19 February 2025 | Online
IBI’s Biochar Academy | 24 February - 01 March 2025 | Thailand
Policy to Progress: Carbon Removal Day 2025 by Carbon Removal Canada | 27 February 2025 | Canada
Scoping Workshop: Leaky deltas: sources or sinks in the global carbon cycle? by OCB | 17-20 March 2025 | Baton Rouge, LA
Ocean Visions Biennial Summit 2025 | 25-27 March 2025 | British Columbia
Bio-Char IV Conference | May 18-23, 2025 | Santa Marta, Colombia
ERW25: Terrestrial and marine carbon dioxide removal by enhanced rock weathering by University of Antwerp | 3-5 June 2025 | Belgium
Carbon Clean-up Camp | 25 June 2025
LAC Soil Carbon 2025 | 25-28 June 2025 | Reo de Janeiro (Brazil)
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JOB OPPORTUNITIES
Chief of Staff at Heirloom | Brisbane, CA
"At Heirloom, we are turning that into reality. We use the natural carbon capture properties of abundant minerals to pull CO2 from the air, and store it permanently underground. We come to work every day to slow climate change, and are united behind a single, common goal - to remove 1 billion tons of CO2 from the sky by 2035, and to not stop before we get there."
Lead Pyrometallurgical Engineer at Brimstone | Reno, NV
"Brimstone is an innovative industrial startup with a proprietary, efficient, and deeply decarbonized process for producing Ordinary Portland Cement."
Carbon Program Manager at Lithos | United States
"Lithos Carbon revolutionizes the carbon capture industry through enhanced rock weathering technology. We work with farmers to spread basalt rock on farmland, which increases soil health and repurposes post-industrial waste."
Business Head - Durable Carbon & Associate / Senior Associate - Climate Finance at Varaha | Haryana, India
"Varaha is a leading climate tech venture focused on nature-based solutions such as regenerative agriculture, ARR, and biochar projects that support smallholder land stewards at scale. In our second year of operation we are removing and avoiding more than 1 Million tons of CO2 and distributing the majority of the revenues to more than 100,000 smallholder land stewards in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa."
Supervisor, Electrical & Instrumentation at Carbon Engineering | Squamish, Canada
"Carbon Engineering has advanced technologies for capturing carbon dioxide from the air around us. We are focused on the continual innovation of our Direct Air Capture technology to provide it at the scale and cost the world needs to help address the climate challenge."
Various open positions at Vaulted Deep:
"Vaulted permanently removes carbon from the atmosphere by sequestering organic, carbon-filled, waste deep underground. Vaulted’s approach is designed to be the lowest-cost, gigaton scale, permanent carbon removal."
Senior Legal Counsel at DeepSky | Remote / Toronto / Western Canada / Quebec
"Deep Sky is the world's first gigaton-scale carbon removal project developer. As a commercial venture, we build carbon removal infrastructure projects and sell carbon credits to remove trillions of tons of CO2 from the Earth's atmosphere."
Looking for your dream job in CDR? There are 700 jobs available *right now*: check them all out at:
PODCASTS
Historic emissions & CDR - Hahn | Reviewer 2 does geoengineering
"Thomas Hahn discusses his paper on historical emissions and responsibility for them. Hahn, T., Morfeldt, J., Höglund, R. et al. Estimating countries’ additional carbon accountability for closing the mitigation gap based on past and future emissions. Nat Commun 15, 9707 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54039-x"
YOUTUBE VIDEOS
Sticky Heavy Flocs of Clay and Carbon Sink Quickly | SciTech Daily
"In lab experiments, the researchers found clay dust captured as much as 50% of organic carbon particulates before they could oxidize into carbon dioxide. This video shows that the sticky heavy flocs of clay and carbon (upper right) sink quickly, collecting more organic carbon as they fall through the water column."
OIF Regulations | Ocean Iron Fertilization | Liquid Trees
"Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF) faces regulatory hurdles under international frameworks like the London Protocol and CBD, targeting large-scale projects. Despite these restrictions, small-scale scientific experiments remain allowed, yet perceptions and negative past associations have hindered adoption, reflecting broader challenges in gaining acceptance for emerging carbon sequestration technologies."
AGRIBOUSSOL A Measurement Tool for the Transition to Regen Agriculture | 4p1000 Initiative
"The webinar reviews :
1. The importance of soils in a global approach with Claire Chenu
2. LUU Paul's assessment of the needs of the various stakeholders
3. The AGRIBOUSSOL tool (structure and indicators), presented by Antoine Brasset
4. Feedback from AGRIBOUSSOL users with Damien FERRAND from the Groupe Oxyane cooperative."
The Role of OIF in Climate Change Mitigation | Ocean Iron Fertilization | Liquid Trees
"Victor Smetacek explains how he discovered that iron availability regulates ocean biology. He emphasizes the potential of ocean iron fertilization for carbon sequestration and the urgent need for climate intervention to prevent the catastrophic effects of global warming."
Misconception: Nutrient Robbing, Nutrient Limitation | Ocean Iron Fertilization | Liquid Trees
"Victor discusses how the Southern Ocean drives nutrient cycling, supports marine life, and helps regulate climate. Upwelling and iron fertilization can boost ecosystems and carbon capture, but excess nutrients in some areas cause anoxia and emissions. Managing these nutrients wisely can enhance climate solutions and marine health while addressing sustainability challenges."
Climate Repair Techniques | Climate Emergency Forum
"Dr. Hunt shares his insights on climate engineering techniques, emphasizing the urgent need for research and implementation of geoengineering solutions to address the escalating climate crisis.
The discussion delves into various climate repair strategies, including solar radiation management, carbon dioxide removal, and methane mitigation. Dr. Hunt explains the potential of cloud brightening and stratospheric aerosol injection to cool the planet, drawing parallels with natural phenomena like volcanic eruptions. He also addresses the controversies surrounding geoengineering research, highlighting the importance of ethical and responsible engineering in developing climate solutions.
Throughout the interview, Dr. Hunt stresses the inevitability of deploying geoengineering techniques to buy time as the world struggles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. He discusses the SPICE project, current research efforts, and the challenges of scaling up these technologies. The conversation concludes with a sobering reflection on the urgency of action to prevent severe consequences like global food shortages and rapid sea-level rise, underscoring the critical role of climate engineering in safeguarding the future for generations to come."
Weekly Carbon Removal Updates from 23 December - 29 December 2024 | Carbon Removal Updates Bulletin
DEADLINES
Call for Papers: EJRR Special Issue on Climate Interventions Governance (Carbon Dioxide Removal, Solar Radiation Modification, Regional Intervention) | Deadline: 31 December 2024
Alkalinity Sourcing Challenge by Frontiers | Apply by 06 January 2024
Carbon Removal Challenge by OpenAir | Sign up by 15 January 2025
Call for Papers—Recent advances to enhanced rock weathering as a carbon dioxide removal strategy: assessing future risks and opportunities | Deadline to submit papers: 15 January 2025
(NEW) Call for Abstracts—Session: Ocean storage and loss of carbon and heat, and relevance for climate at EGU25 | Deadline to submit abstract: 15 January 2025
(NEW) Call for Proposals—Milkywire is calling for early-stage carbon dioxide removal startups | Deadline: 19 January 2025
(NEW) Call for Consultations—Isometric launched the first carbon removal protocol for mining, focusing on ex-situ mineralization to accelerate weathering | Public consultation ends on 20 January 2025
Funding Opportunities—DACCS and BECCS for CO2 removal/negative emissions | Deadline to apply: 21 January 2025
Symbiosis Coalition launched first joint RFP, focusing on reforestation and agroforestry projects | Deadline to apply: 31 January 2024
(NEW) US DOE opened applications for $1.8 billion in funding to support DAC projects | Deadline for concept papers: 31 January 2025
Call for Proposals—DACCS and BECCS for CO2 removal/negative emissions by Horizon Europe Framework Programme (HORIZON) | Deadline: 04 February 2025
Phase 1 of the Commercial Direct Air Capture Pilot Prize is currently accepting applications through February 7, 2025
Call for Abstract—The Enhanced Rock Weathering Conference 2025 | Deadline to submit abstract: 15 March 2025